Maximal Benefit Zone of Endoscopic Spine Surgery in the Cervical and Thoracic Spine: Rationale of Endoscopic Spine Surgery in the Cervical-thoracic Region

Complex anatomy, difficult access, and low tolerance of cord manipulation in the cervical thoracic spine are some most challenging aspects surgery. Open spinal surgery incurs substantial morbidity, with significant postoperative pain, blood loss, risk infection open wounds. With evolution endo- scopic surgical techniques increasing familiarity how to handle endoscopic equipment, indications have expanded include spi- nal decompression armamentarium for treating pa- thologies provide maximal benefit zone